Controller Guide

GL Variance Analysis Guide for Controllers

A practical guide for investigating month-over-month GL movements, unusual account spikes, duplicate postings, and unexpected expense changes.

1. Start with Material Accounts

  • ☐ Review accounts with the largest dollar movement.
  • ☐ Review accounts with the largest percentage change.
  • ☐ Prioritize accounts that impact cash, margin, payroll, revenue, or tax.
  • ☐ Apply a materiality threshold to avoid wasting time on noise.

2. Compare Current Month to Prior Month

  • ☐ Calculate dollar variance by account.
  • ☐ Calculate percentage variance by account.
  • ☐ Compare current month to rolling three-month or six-month average.
  • ☐ Flag accounts with unusual movement versus historical behavior.

3. Investigate Transaction Drivers

  • ☐ Drill into transactions that explain the account movement.
  • ☐ Identify large one-time transactions.
  • ☐ Look for duplicate amounts or repeated vendor postings.
  • ☐ Check whether transactions were posted to the wrong account or period.

4. Review Common Anomaly Patterns

  • ☐ Same amount booked multiple times in the same month.
  • ☐ Expense account suddenly above historical average.
  • ☐ Prepaid or fixed asset threshold exceeded.
  • ☐ Manual journal entry posted without clear support.
  • ☐ Prior-period item posted into the current period.

5. Prepare Variance Explanation

  • ☐ Summarize the primary driver of the variance.
  • ☐ Document whether the variance is expected or requires follow-up.
  • ☐ Include transaction examples and support links.
  • ☐ Flag unresolved items for controller review.

Want to automate this work?

Cavryon is building AI-powered workflows for smart reconciliation, GL variance analysis, book cleanup, and prepaid schedule automation for startups and SMB finance teams.